Outsourced business processes can be categorised into two general categories: front office processes with customer facing roles in some interpersonal capacity (either face to face, on the telephone or via written correspondence); and secondly back office processes where, correspondingly, there is no customer interaction required.

Robot localization is a collection of state estimation nodes, each of which is an implementation of a nonlinear state estimator for robots moving in 3D space. It contains two state estimation nodes, ekf_localization_node and ukf_localization_node. In addition, robot_localization provides navsat_transform_node, which aids in the integration of GPS data.Robotic mapping is a discipline related to cartography. The goal for an autonomous robot is to be able to construct (or use) a map or floor plan and to localize itself in it. Robotic mapping is that branch of one, which deals with the study and application of ability to construct map or floor plan by the autonomous robot and to localize itself in it.

Screw theory is the algebra and calculus of pairs of vectors, such as forces and moments and angular and linear velocity that arise in the kinematics and dynamics of rigid bodies. The motion of a particle mass is easy to describe because its configuration can be associated to a point of the three-dimensional Euclidean space. After having chosen coordinates, each point can be associated to a triple of real numbers in R3 but the most important thing is that the algebraic and topological properties of R3 correspond to real physical properties of the motion of the particle forces can be added velocity vectors too magnitudes of vectors correspond to magnitudes of forces and velocities orthogonally of a force and velocity vector gives zero power the velocity and acceleration.

Telerobotics is the area of robotics concerned with the control of semi-autonomous robots from a distance, chiefly using Wireless network (like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, the Deep Space Network, and similar) or tethered connections. It is a combination of two major subfields, teleportation and telepresence.

Robot manipulators are created from a sequence of link and joint combinations. The links are the rigid members connecting the joints, or axes. The axes are the movable components of the robotic manipulator that cause relative motion between adjoining links. The mechanical joints used to construct the robotic arm manipulator consist of five principal types. Two of the joints are linear, in which the relative motion between adjacent links is non-rotational, and three are rotary types, in which the relative motion involves rotation between links.

A mobile robot is an automatic machine that is capable of locomotion. A spying robot is an example of a mobile robot capable of movement in a given environment. Mobile robots have the capability to move around in their environment and are not fixed to one physical location

A service robot is a robot that performs useful tasks for humans or equipment excluding industrial automation application. Note: The classification of a robot into industrial robot or service robot is done according to its intended application.

Multi-robot configuration control algorithms must be able to sense the geometry of the network. The most common sensor models assume that either only the ranges between robots is known, or that there is a global coordinate system. However, range-only models require extensive computation to produce useful geometric information, and global coordinates might not be available in all environments. The local network geometry model is a compromise between these two that is well-suited to multi-robot systems.

Manufacturing and control procedures for automation require many different technologies. The last decade has seen computer technology applied widely in industrial production, particularly in manufacturing processes not generally associated with high technology. The technology used in the automated production of moulded concrete elements for the architectural and building industry has changed dramatically in recent years.

A humanoid robot is a robot with its body shape built to resemble the human body. A humanoid design might be for functional purposes, such as interacting with human tools and environments, for experimental purposes, such as the study of bipedal locomotion, or for other purposes. In general, humanoid robots have a torso, a head, two arms, and two legs, though some forms of humanoid robots may model only part of the body, for example, from the waist up. Some humanoid robots also have heads designed to replicate human facial features such as eyes and mouths. Androids are humanoid robots built to aesthetically resemble humans.

Automatic control is the application of control theory for regulation of processes without direct human intervention. In the simplest type of an automatic control loop, a controller compares a measured value of a process with a desired set value, and processes the resulting error signal to change some input to the process, in such a way that the process stays at its set point despite disturbances. This closed-loop control is an application of negative feedback to a system.

Nature has always been a source of inspiration and ideas for the robotics community. The main challenges facing walking and climbing robots, and contributes with innovative solutions, designs, technologies and techniques. Human biped locomotion is an ultimate style of biological movement that is a highly evolved function. Biped locomotion by robots is a dream to be attained by the most highly evolved or integrated technology.